Needs of People with Dementia in the Perioperative Environment from the Perspective of Healthcare Professionals

Introduction: The incidence of dementia among patients in perioperative settings is on the rise, presenting significant challenges for healthcare professionals in delivering adequate and appropriate care to this patient population. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the perioperative care needs of patients with dementia, thirty healthcare professionals were interviewed. The focus was on their experiences and perspectives regarding the fulfilment of these needs. Key factors influencing perioperative care were identified and categorized into three main themes: patient-related factors, healthcare professional-related factors, and healthcare environment-related factors. Methods: Thirty interviews were conducted with a diverse group of healthcare professionals, including anaesthetists, surgeons, nurses, and other perioperative staff. Thematic analysis was employed to process and interpret the data, identifying recurring themes and sub-themes that reflect the complexities of perioperative care for patients with dementia. Results: The analysis revealed three primary themes: 1) Factors related to the patient with dementia: Cognitive impairment and comorbidities uniquely challenge perioperative care. The unfamiliar hospital environment often exacerbates cognitive symptoms, and adherence to postoperative protocols can be problematic. Family involvement is crucial in supporting these patients. 2) Healthcare Professional Factors: Perceptions of dementia, communication issues, pain assessment, and the need for personalized care were highlighted. Training and education deficits among healthcare professionals were evident, impacting the quality of care. 3) Institutional Factors: Organisational policies and resource allocation significantly affect the provision of dementia care. Support for healthcare professionals through ongoing education and the development of dementia-specific guidelines were identified as essential needs. Conclusion: Effective perioperative care for patients with dementia requires addressing multifaceted challenges. Improving communication, enhancing education and training for healthcare professionals, involving family members, and ensuring institutional support are critical steps. A comprehensive, empathetic approach can lead to better outcomes and experiences for patients with dementia in the perioperative setting.