Abstract
Introduction
Identification of pain generally relies on patient self-reporting of symptoms. Patients with limited communication, advanced dementia or learning disabilities are unable to self-report pain. This results in pain being under-recognised and under-treated. Consequences of this are serious and include physical and psychological distress, longer length of stay and worse outcomes.1
Methods
Abbey Pain Score (APS) (Figure 1)was introduced on a single Healthcare of the Older Person ward.2,3 It was used as the primary means of assessing pain in non-verbal patients (NVP) in place of the usual verbal pain scale (scored 0-10). Ward-based teaching for all doctors, nurses and healthcare assistants was conducted before introduction of the APS. Data was collected for 20 consecutive NVP (Figure 2). Figure 1: Abbey Pain Score (Six items observed & Score) Vocalisation: 0-3 Facial expression: 0-3 Change in body language: 0-3 Behavioural change: 0-3 Physiological change: 0-3 Physical changes: 0-3 Scoring scale No Pain (0-2) Mild Pain (3-7) Moderate Pain (8-13) Severe (14+)
Results
At baseline we identified that pain as a symptom was missed in 54 % of NVP using the verbal pain score. With introduction of APS this dropped only slightly at 3 months but there was an increased uptake in scoring NVP on APS. With persistent engagement there was a significant decline in number of patients with un-managed pain needs. Figure 3: Abbey pain score (All patients with any pain) Baseline : Pre-intervention: 21 / 39 (54 %) Post-intervention (3 months): 10 / 20 (50 %) Post-intervention (12 months): 1 / 19 (5 %)
Conclusion
ABP is a effective means of addressing pain in NVP. It is simple to implement and can lead to significant improvements in patient care.